There are several standards used to guide PCBA inspection, including IPC-A-610, IPC-J-STD-001, and IPC-7711/21. At JLCPCB, we integrate rigorous, technology-driven PCBA inspection throughout the entire assembly process to ensure every board meets the highest standards of performance and reliability. This guide outlines the best practices and advanced techniques used in a PCBA testing workflow—from component. Automated optical inspection (AOI) is a machine vision-based technology that uses high-resolution cameras and sophisticated image processing algorithms to inspect printed circuit boards for manufacturing defects. The system captures images of the PCB and compares them against a reference. PCB visual inspection is the front line in preventing defects, catching issues early in fabrication (bare boards) and upon assembly (PCBA). This manual offers procedures, standards, and methods that will enable your boards to meet quality requirements. Automated optical inspection plays an important role in PCBA inspection. It uses cameras and software. When evaluating PCBA manufacturers, quality is generally an expectation, as it serves as your defense against field failures, warranty returns, and damage to your reputation. However, some manufacturers fall short.